Note And References

1. ‘Sleep and the innocent ‘ cover story, Weekly Outlook, New Delhi, 13th May 1990.
2. Outlook, 15th April 2002.
3. India Today, New Delhi, 29th April 2002.
4. Ibid
5. Outlook, op cit,
6. Ibid.
7. India Today, op cit,
8. Ibid
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. According to a Washington Post story (5th March 2002) the Hindu activists had behaved like hooligans. They pulled head scarves off Muslim women, evieted a family in the middle of the night for refusing to join in chants glorifying Hinduism and failed to pay for tea and snack they consumed at each shop. When the activists refused to pay for their food the vendor s at the railway station stormed the train, and several of them jumped on board as the train stared to leave and pulled the chain to stop it.
12. The Nation, Islamabad, 1st March 2002.
13. Ibid. 2nd March 2002.
14. Ibid.
15. Iftikhar Gillani, The Nation, 12th March 2002.
16. The Times of India, New Delhi, 1st April 2002.
17. Sarmila Bose. The Telegraph, Calcutta, 1st April 2002.
18. Ibid.
19. Romila Thapar and Dipankar Gupta, The Hindu, Delhi, 2nd April 2002.
20. The Hindu, 1st April 2002.
21. The Times of India, 3rd April 2002.
22. Ibid.
23. Manabi Majumdar, Political economy of communal terror’, The Hindu, 6th April 2002.
24. Kashmir Times, Jammu, 4th April 2002.
25. Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 15th April 2002.
26. Shreekant Smabrani, ‘ Gujarat’s Burning Train:
    India’s Inferno’ The Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai, 16th April 2002.
27. Ibid.
28. The Hindu, 18th March 2002.
29. Ibid.
30. A.G. Noorani, ‘Against a secular resove’ , Hindustan Times, 16th April 2002.
31. Tavleen Singh, ‘Gujarat: Time for simplistic solutions over’, The Tribute, Chandigarh, 27th April 2002.
32. ‘How has the Gujarat massacre affected minority women – the survivors speak’, - fact finding by a women’s panel, sponsored by Citizen’s Initiative, Ahmadabad, 16th April 2002.
33. Human Rights Watch report, summary of the findings, pp. 4-8.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Human Rights Watch report, recommendations, pp. 9-11.
38. The Hindustan Times. 25th March 2002.
39. The Hindu, 4th April 2002.
40. Prasenjit Bose, Dr. Kamal Mitra, Chenoy, and Vishnu Nagar, ‘Ehnic cleansing in Ahmadabad’ a preliminary report’, quoted by Human Rights Watch report.
41. Radha Sharma and Sanjey Pandey, ‘Mob burns to death 65 at Naroda patia’, The Times of India, 2nd March 2002.
42. Human Rights Watch report, ‘The Ahmadabad massacres: Naroda Patia and Gulmarg Society’, pp. 15-18.

Prof. Khalid Mahmum
Institute of Regional Studies
Vol. XX, No. 3 summer 2002
Islamabad